Genesis of Epithelial Polarity in Early Mammalian Embryos

Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2021     |     PP. 61-84      |     PDF (616 K)    |     Pub. Date: August 15, 2021
DOI: 10.54647/biology18174    67 Downloads     5688 Views  

Author(s)

Xu XX, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
Smith ER, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
Salas PJ, Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA

Abstract
Epithelial cells comprise the surface layers that cover tissues and organs, and by definition, exhibit an asymmetric surface domain and hence apical-basal polarity. The development of early mammalian embryos, from a fertilized oocyte to a blastocyst and implanted embryo, provides an excellent system to observe the formation and morphogenesis of several epithelia. From our studies of early mouse embryonic development and morphogenesis, we propose that there are at the least three distinct types of mechanisms for polarization of epithelial cells: the classical tight junction and Par complexes; cell autonomous polarity established by endocytosis; and the subtle polarization caused by the formation of an apical actin cap of adjacent cells. Here, we describe the understanding of the genesis of four embryonic epithelial structures, the trophectoderm, inner cell mass, primitive endoderm, and epiblast, and the genes that are critical for their epithelial polarity and associated morphogenesis.

Keywords
blastocysts, early embryos, morphogenesis, cell sorting, embryonic stem cells, epithelial polarity.

Cite this paper
Xu XX, Smith ER, Salas PJ, Genesis of Epithelial Polarity in Early Mammalian Embryos , SCIREA Journal of Biology. Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2021 | PP. 61-84. 10.54647/biology18174

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