Evaluation of aggression and suicide attempt characteristics in patients with depression presenting with suicide attempt

Huseyin Murat Ozkan, Istanbul Rumeli University, Faculty of Economics Administrative and Social Sciences, Psychology Department, Silivri/Istanbul, Turkey

Hamdullah Aydin, Altinbas University, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Psychology Department, Istanbul, Turkey

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The assumption that aggression plays a role in suicidal behavior derives from the interpretations made due to low serotonin levels in suicide attempts and aggressive behaviors. In this study, it was aimed to examine the characteristics of aggression and suicide attempt in patients with depression presenting with suicide attempt.
METHODS: 101 depressive cases, who had suicide attempt and did not have any comorbid diagnosis, were included in the study while 54 depressive cases, who applied to psychiatry polyclinic, matched by age and gender, did not have suicide attempt and comorbid diagnosis, were included in the control group. Semi-structured history form, Hamilton Depression Scale and Ilter Kiper Aggression Scale were applied to the participants.
RESULTS: No difference was found between aggression subgroup scores and aggression total scores between the study group and control group. No difference was found between aggression and depression scores between the cases using aggressive and non-aggressive methods in suicide attempt. The disruptive aggression scores and aggression total scores of the cases with previous suicide attempt were found to be lower than the cases without previous suicide attempt. The assertiveness, passive aggression and aggression total scores of the cases consulting a doctor due to mental complaints before attempt were higher than those consulting with somatic complaints.
CONCLUSION: In studies, different psychiatric diagnoses and the relationship between aggression and suicide are emphasized. Aggression is among the basic motives of living beings and is a part of life. The inability to manage aggression rather than the presence of aggression seems to be a problem in suicidal behavior. Whether there is a unilateral or mutual relationship between aggression and psychiatric diagnosis and suicidal behavior is still a subject that needs further investigation.

Keywords
Suicide attempt, aggression, depression

Cite this paper
Huseyin Murat Ozkan, Hamdullah Aydin, Evaluation of aggression and suicide attempt characteristics in patients with depression presenting with suicide attempt , SCIREA Journal of Clinical Medicine. Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2021 | PP. 674-690. 10.54647/cm32626

References

[ 1 ]	Sayıl, I. (2000). Suicides. Mental Health and Disorders (p. 253-262). ANTIP A.Ş Publications Extended. 2nd Edition.
[ 2 ]	Odağ, C. (1995). Suicide (Self-Destruction) Definition-Theory-Treatment. Psychiatric Association of Izmir, Department of Psychotherapies.
[ 3 ]	Sadock, B. J., & Sadock, V. A. (2000). Kaplan &Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook Of Psychiatry (Vol I, p. 2031-4). Lippincot Williams&Wilkins.
[ 4 ]	Stone, M. (2016). Suicidality and aggression during antidepressant treatment: authors misinterpreted earlier paper from the FDA. BMJ, 206;352:i906.
[ 5 ]	Tarang Sharma, L. S. (2016). Suicidality and aggression during antidepressant treatment: systematic review and meta-analyses based on clinical study reports. BMJ, 352-65.
[ 6 ]	Amanda R. Start, Y. A. (2018). Predicting Suicide Ideation in the Military: The Independent Role of Aggression. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. doi:10.1111/sltb.12445
[ 7 ]	Pilar Sierraa, L. L. ( 2011). Impulsivity, sensation seeking and aggressiveness in patients. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Barc.), 4(4):195---204. , Research and Practice, The British Psychological Society. doi:10.1111/papt.12123.
[ 8 ]	Gvion,Y., Horresh N, & Levi-Belz, Y. (2014, Jan). Aggression-impulsivity, mental pain, and communication difficulties in medically serious and medically non serious suicide attempts. Compr Psychiatry(55(1)), 40-50. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.09.003
[ 9 ]	Francesco Margari, M. L. (2014). Aggression, impulsivity, and suicide risk in benign chronic pain patients – a cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10 1613-20.
[ 10 ]	Marc T. Swogger, Z. W. (2014 ). Reactive and proactive aggression and suicide attempts among criminal offenders. Crim Justice Behav., 41(3):337-344.
[ 11 ]	Keilp, J., Gorlyn, M., & Quendo, M. (2006, Dec). Aggressiveness, not impulsiveness or hostility, distinguishes suicide attempters with major depression. Psychol Med, 1779-88.
[ 12 ]	Kang et al. (2015, Dec). Aggression, substance use disorder, and presence of prior suicide attempt among juvenile offenders with subclinical depression. (Kang et al. 2015) Law Hum Behav(39(6)), 593-601. doi:10.1037/lhb0000145. Epub 2015 Jul 13.
[ 13 ]	Abay E, Tuğlu C. (2000). The Neurobiology of Violence and Aggression. J.Clin Psy., 3(1): 21-26.
[ 14 ]	Qquendo, M. A., & Mann, J. J. (2000, Mar). The Biology Of Impulsivity And Suicidality. Clin North Am, 23(1), 11-25.
[ 15 ]	Paul H. Soloff, L. C. (2010). Effects of serotonin-2A receptor binding and gender on personality traits and suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder. j.pscychresns, 1234.
[ 16 ]	Goldney, R., Winefield, A., Saebel, J., Winefield, H., & Tiggeman, M. (1997, Sep-Oct). Anger, Suicidal Ideation And Attempted Suicide: A Prospective Study. Compr Psychiatry(38), 264-8.
[ 17 ]	Castrogiovanni, P., Pieraccini, F., & Di Muro, A. (1998, Feb). Suicidality And Aggressive Behavior. Acta Psychiatr Scand(97(2)), 144-8.
[ 18 ]	Apter, A., Gothelf, D., Orbach, I., & et al. (1995, Jul). Correlation of Suicidal And Violent Behavior in Different Diagnostic Categories in Hospitalized Adolescent Patients. J Am Acad Child Adolesv Psychiatry(34(7)), 912-8.
[ 19 ]	Horesh, N., Gothelf, D., & Ofek, a. a. (1999). Impulsivity as a Correlate of Suicidal Behavior in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients. Crisis(20), 8-14.
[ 20 ]	Kyung-Suk Lee, O.-J. C.-H. (2017). A Longitudinal Study on the Effects of Negative Rearing Experiences on Adolescents’ Social Withdrawal and Aggression. Korean J Fam Med, 38:276-283.
[ 21 ]	Girliani Silva de Sousa, M. S. (2017). Suicide in childhood: a literature review. Print version ISSN 1413-8123On-line version ISSN 1678-4561, 22(9):3099-3110. doi:10.1590/1413-81232017229.14582017
[ 22 ]	Pratt, H. D., & Greydanus, D. E. (2000, Feb). Adolescent Violence: Concept for a New Millennium. Adolesc Med, 11(1), 103-125.
[ 23 ]	Seyed Ghafur Mousavi, K. K. (2011). Suicidal Ideation, Depression, and Aggression Among Students of Three Universities of Isfahan, Iran in 2008. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci, 6(1): 47-53.
[ 24 ]	Wang L, He CZ, Yu YM et al. (2014). Associations between impulsivity, aggression, and suicide in Chinese college students. BMC Public Health. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-551.
[ 25 ]	Stanley, B., Molcho, A., Stanley, B., & all. (2000, Apr). Association of Aggressive Behavior With Altered Serotonergic Function In Patients Who Are Not Suicidal. Am J Psychiatry, 157(4), 609-14.
[ 26 ]	Çorapçıoğlu A, Aydemir Ö, & Yıldız M. (1999). Structured clinical interview user guide for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Physicians Publication Association ("Hekimler Yayın Birliği")
[ 27 ]	Önel, L. (1997). Psychological Tests Used in Turkey. Istanbul: Boğaziçi University Publications.
[ 28 ]	Kiper, I. (1984). Examining the relationship of aggression types with various economic, social and academic variables. Unpublished master's thesis. Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences
[ 29 ]	Carballo JJ, G.-N. R.-F., et al. (2014). Aggressiveness across development and suicidal behavior in depressed patients. Arch Suicide Res(18(1)), 39-49. doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.801808.
[ 30 ]	Lester, D. (1998, Oct). The Content Of Suicide Notes Written By Using Different Methods. The Percept and Mot Skills, 87(2), 722.
[ 31 ]	Singh, P. K., & Rao, V. R. (February 15 2018). Explaining suicide attempt with personality traits of aggression and impulsivity in a high risk tribal population of India. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192969
[ 32 ]	Iku Tsutsui-Kimura, Y. O. (2017). Milnacipran affects mouse impulsive, aggressive, and depressive-like behaviors in a distinct dose-dependent manner. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 134:181-189.
[ 33 ]	Shri Cameron, V. J. (2017). Understanding the relationship between suicidality, current depressed mood, personality and cognitive factors. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory